Saturday, March 1, 2008

Marlboro Manslaughter

To the anti-smoking forces in our society, no irony could be more delicious than noting that the Marlboro Man, the advertising symbol whose appearance in the "Marlboro Country" series of advertisements was instrumental in establishing Philip Morris' Marlboro brand as the world's best-selling cigarette, died of lung cancer. Any claims about "the" Marlboro Man are a bit misleading, however, since many different men have portrayed the rugged-looking cowboys featured in Marlboro cigarette advertisements since 1954. An Oklahoma native named Darrell Winfield was the main Marlboro Man from the mid-1970s onwards, but dozens of other men (many of them "real" cowboys) have also modeled for television commercials, magazine and newspaper advertisements, billboards, and other advertising materials promoting Marlboro brand of cigarettes, and two of those men, both long-time smokers, have died of cancers which began in their lungs:

Wayne McLaren, who posed for some promotional photographs on behalf of Marlboro in 1976, succumbed to lung cancer at age 51 on 22 July 1992. McLaren was a former professional rodeo rider who appeared in small parts in various television series and movies (primarily Westerns) throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and he modeled for print advertising between acting jobs in the mid-1970s including a Marlboro campaign in 1976. McLaren, who had a pack-and-a-half a day smoking habit, was diagnosed with lung cancer at age 49. Despite chemotherapy, the removal of one lung, and radiation treatments, the cancer eventually spread to his brain and killed him. After learning he had cancer, McLaren embarked on an anti-smoking campaign that included the production of a commercial described as follows:

In the powerful TV spot, images of the handsome young Wayne McLaren in a Stetson hat are juxtaposed with shots of his withered form in a hospital bed just prior to his death. His brother, Charles, provides the voiceover and chides tobacco companies for promoting an 'independent' lifestyle and asks, 'Lying there with all those tubes in you, how independent can you really be?'

In the last months of his life McLaren appeared before the Massachusetts legislature when they were considering a bill to add taxes to cigarettes to pay for health education and also spoke at the annual Philip Morris stockholders' meeting to support a resolution that the company limit its advertising. Philip Morris initially denied that McLaren had ever appeared in Marlboro advertising, but a company spokesperson later conceded that McLaren's image had been used in a retail display for Marlboro Texan Poker Cards. (The woman McLaren lived with for the last eight years of his life also produced a Marlboro magazine advertisement which she claimed pictured McLaren.)

David McLean, who appeared in many Marlboro television and print advertisements starting in the early 1960s, also died of cancer at age 73 on 12 October 1995. McLean starred in the short-lived 1960 television Western Tate, and he played roles in numerous television series and feature films during the 1960s and 1970s. McLean took up smoking at age 12, began to suffer from emphysema in 1985, and had a cancerous tumor removed from his right lung in 1993. Despite the surgery, the cancer remained and spread to his brain and spine, and McLean succumbed in 1995. In August 1996 McLean's widow and son filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Philip Morris, Inc., claiming that McLean was unable to stop smoking because of his nicotine addiction, and that his smoking habit was the cause of his lung cancer. (The lawsuit contended, among other issues, that McLean had been obligated to smoke up to five packs per take in order to get the right look while posing for advertisements, and that he received cartons of Marlboro cigarettes as gifts from Philip Morris.) At last report (in 1999) the lawsuit was still pending, having outlasted all attempts by defendant Philip Morris to have it dismissed.

The public's fascination with these deaths is easy to understand. With the growth of the anti-smoking movement, the proliferation of lawsuits against tobacco companies, and the passage of legislation restricting smoking in public places over the last several years, the death of the ubiquitous symbol of the world's best-selling cigarette is an irony that many anti-smoking campaigners particularly relish.

Republished from: http://www.snopes.com/radiotv/tv/marlboro.asp

Monday, February 18, 2008

Beware of Secondhand Smoking!

Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers. This mixture contains more than 4,000 substances, more than 40 of which are known to cause cancer in humans or animals and many of which are strong irritants. Secondhand smoke is also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This smoke can damage ones health even if one isnt a smoker. It is the third major cause of lung cancer. Research shows that the secondhand smoke that many people are exposed to is enough to prove fatal. Researchers have identified carbon monoxide and nicotine in environmental tobacco smoke to increase the risk to health.

There is a two-fold problem due to passive smoking. First, infants and young children suffer maximum amount of health risks. For young children, the major source of tobacco smoke is smoking by parents and other household members. Children whose parents smoke are among the most seriously affected by exposure to secondhand smoke, being at increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Maternal smoking is usually the largest source of ETS because of the cumulative effect of exposure during pregnancy and close proximity to the mother during early life. Second, the environment is effected irreversibly. Smoking in a public place pollutes the air and it can result in damage to health in a number of ways. Combustion by-products from smoking tobacco have produced substances, smoke included, that contaminate indoor air. The problem affecting a person, who is in a contaminated environment, may result in coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, muscular aches, chills, headaches, fever and fatigue.

Secondhand smoke is a serious health risk to children. Asthmatic children are especially at risk. Passive smoking may also cause thousands of non-asthmatic children to develop the condition each year. It has been postulated that passive smoking causes more frequent and more severe attacks of asthma in children who already have the disease. The worst affected are the developing lungs of young children by exposure to secondhand smoke. Hence, they are more likely to have reduced lung function and symptoms of respiratory irritation like cough, excess phlegm, and wheeze. Childhood exposure to ETS is also causally associated with acute and chronic middle ear disease. It leads to buildup of fluid in the middle ear, the most common cause of hospitalization of children for an operation. Passive smoking causes artery damage that only partially heals. The artery lining is still not as healthy as the arteries of people who had never been exposed to smoke.

The medical impact of passive smoking is tremendous. A number of diseases and conditions result from this. First, the carbon monoxide competes with oxygen in the red blood cells. It not only reduces the amount of oxygen in the heart, it also makes the heart use oxygen less efficiently. During childbirth and infancy, low birth weight and cot death, better known as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), are common outcomes. Adverse impact on learning and behavioural development, meningococcal infections, neurobiological impairment, cancers and leukaemia may occur in various degrees in children. ETS has enhanced the incidence of childhood cancer dramatically. Also, a significant increase in food allergies has been observed in children exposed to secondhand smoke.

In conclusion, the aforementioned facts provide the most definitive evidence to date of the health effects of ETS or passive smoking on non-smokers. It is now known that exposure to ETS causes a number of fatal and non-fatal health effects. Heart disease mortality, sudden infant death syndrome, and lung and nasal sinus cancer have been causally linked to ETS exposure. While the relative health risks are small compared to those from active smoking, the diseases are common and the overall health impact is large. In view of the considerable health impact of passive smoking, particularly on the young, measures to restrict smoking in indoor environments should be a major public health objective.

Reprinted from: http://www.many-articles.com/Article/Health-and-Fitness/Quit-Smoking/200609/Passive-Smoking/

Less Smoke, Same Choke

Heavy smokers who reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke per day may not be reducing their risk of exposure to the toxins in cigarette smoke, according to a Dec 11, 2006, news release from the American Association for Cancer Research. These smokers may actually increase their exposure per cigarette as a result of "compensatory smoking" (ie, taking more frequent puffs or deeper and longer inhalations to maintain a specific level of nicotine in the body).

Researchers studied 64 heavy smokers (ie, people who smoked an average of 26 cigarettes per day) and 62 light smokers (ie, people who smoked an average of 5.6 cigarettes per day). The heavy smokers reduced their cigarette smoking by at least 40% to five cigarettes per day within six months of enrolling in the study. Despite their success in reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the heavy smokers' levels of exposure to a common cancer-causing agent was more than twice that of light smokers, a finding the researchers believe to be a result of compensatory smoking. A greater reduction in number of cigarettes smoked correlated with an increase in compensatory smoking. The researchers reiterate that heavy smokers fare better health-wise by quitting because even a low rate of smoking is associated with a higher cancer risk compared to quitting or being a nonsmoker.

AORN Journal

Sunday, February 17, 2008

Cigarette Smoking Nutshelled

Here are some brief facts and notes about smoking and danger to others and why it is important to quit as soon as possible:
  • It is a high importance to note that tobacco smoking poses threat not just to the smoker's health, but also his family members, coworkers and others who breathe the smoker's cigarette smoke, called secondhand smoke.
  • Each year secondhand smoke is associated with as many as 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia among newborns to babies of eighteen months of age.
  • Statistics say, if both parents smoke in the family, a teenager is more than twice as likely to smoke than a young person whose parents are both non-smokers. In households where only one parent smokes, young people are also more likely to start smoking.
  • Pregnant women who smoke are more likely to bear infants whose weights are too low for good health of a child. If all women stop smoking during pregnancy, about four thousand newborns would not die each year.
  • Secondhand smoke from a parent's cigarette increases a child's chances for middle ear problems, causes coughing and wheezing, and worsens asthma conditions.
  • Remember, smoking is an addiction. Cigarette smoke contains nicotine, a drug that is addictive and can make it very hard, but not impossible, to quit.
  • Actually, more than 400,000 death cases in the United States each year are from smoking-related diseases. Smoking greatly increases your risks for lung cancer and many other cancers.
  • Ex-smokers have better health than current smokers. Ex-smokers have fewer days of illness, fewer health complaints, and less bronchitis and pneumonia than current smokers.
  • Stopping smoking cuts the risk of lung cancer, many other cancers, heart disease, stroke, other lung diseases, and other respiratory illnesses.
  • Stopping smoking makes a difference right away - you can taste and smell food better. This happens for men and women of all ages, even those who are older. It happens for healthy people as well as those who already have a disease or condition caused by smoking. Your breath smells better and your cough goes away. And the quality of your lifes improves significantly.
  • Stopping smoking saves money. A pack-a-day smoker, who pays about two bucks per pack can, expect to save more than 700 bucks per year. It appears that the price of cigarettes will continue to rise in coming years, as will the financial rewards of quitting.

Friday, February 15, 2008

Again about Cigarette Smoking and Colon Cancer

A study at University of Rochester Medical Center, has suggested that screening for colorectal cancer, currently recommended to start at age 50 for most people, should start 5 to 10 years earlier for people with a significant lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke.

The study, led by Luke J. Peppone, Ph.D., research assistant professor of Radiation Oncology at the James P. Wilmot Cancer Center at the University of Rochester, examined 3,450 cases and found that current smokers were diagnosed with colon cancer approximately seven years earlier than the ones who never smoked.

This study is also one of the first to associate exposure to second-hand smoke, especially early in life, with a younger age for colon cancer onset.

"The message for physicians and patients is clear: When making decisions about colon cancer screening you should take into account smoking history as well as family history of disease and age," said Peppone.

The researchers also assessed data from patients having colorectal cancer between 1957 and 1997 at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo. During this 40 years period, smoking habits changed, with a decrease in the pctage of current or active smokers and an increase in the pctage of previous smokers.

However, the age at colon cancer diagnosis was 6.8 years younger among current smokers and 4.3 years younger for former smokers who quit less than five years ago, the results showed. Also, those who quit more than five years ago had no significant increased risk.

However, people who reported they began smoking as young teens (before age 17) or who smoked heavily (1 pack a day or more) were the most likely to be diagnosed with cancer much younger than their never-smoking counterparts.

Peppone said that past exposure to second-hand-smoke was an additional, significant risk factor, as compared to never smoking. In reality, after combining active smokers and passive smoking into one subgroup, the age at cancer diagnosis was nearly 10 years earlier.

Though, smoking is a well-known risk factor for many cancers, it is only recently that studies have suggested that cigarettes may cause colon cancer. Also, the biological reasons behind the cigarette smoke-colon cancer risk are unclear.

However, it is thought that cigarette smoke reduces the body's resistance to malignancies, just like smoking can depress immune function in general, impairing the ability to fight off infections and viruses.

Carcinogens from smoke reach the bowel through direct circulation or by swallowing smoke and passing it through the intestines. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among men and women.

The study said that genetics account for about 10 pct of new cases, while more than 75 pct of the cases crop up from sporadic mutations and/or environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking, a poor diet, alcohol use, lack of exercise and obesity.

Reprinted from: http://www.thecheers.org/news/Science/news_11623_Early-colon-cancer-screening-may-benefit-smokers.html

Wednesday, February 13, 2008

Smoking Increases Growth of High-Risk Polyps in the Colon

According to recent studies, tobacco smoking seems to promote growth of polyps in the large intestine. Researchers found that current smokers were twice as likely as nonsmokers to develop colon polyps. Former smokers also showed a raised risk, though it was less than that of current smokers.

Moreover, the studies found, smoking was peculiarly connected to "risky" polyps; while most intestibal polyps are not dangerous, high-risk ones are comparatively more likely to become cancerous.

The results give the scientific proof that tobacco smoking contributes to both the formation of polyps and their aggressiveness.

While smoking does seem to be a risk factor for polyps, past studies have been mixed as to whether it raises the risk of colon cancer itself. It can be explained by the fact that many studies may not have followed smokers for a long enough period; any heightened colon cancer risk from smoking could take decades to emerge.

The current results suggest that those who refrain from smoking can lower their risk of polyps and, subsequently, colon cancer.

According to scientists, there's also the possibility that smokers would benefit from earlier colon cancer screening. So, patients are advised to start colon cancer screening at the age of 50, though people at higher-than-average risk, such as those with ulcerative colitis, or a family history of colon cancer, often start earlier.

As a matter of fact, some physicians have already suggested lowering the screening age for longtime smokers.

Intestinal polyps typically emerge after the age of fifty, and the large majority of colon cancers develop after this age as well. But it's still not clear whether smokers tend to develop polyps at an earlier-than-average age, or whether their polyps tend to progress more rapidly to cancer.

What is evident is that both current and former smokers should be especially persistent and careful about following the current recommendations on colon cancer screening.

Long Term Hazards of Smoking

There has been so much discussion about the long term effects of smoking, such as increased chance of lung cancer and heart disease. There are so many others that while they may be just as much of a concern, they never seem to get as much documentation. If you have ever thought that maybe you would like to quit smoking, take the time to read through the rest of this article to get a better picture of what you may face if you don't quit.

Lung cancer isn't the only cancer that can be caused by smoking. Research also supports the fact that other cancers can be attributed to smoking as well. Some of the more common ones that you might suspect are cancer of the mouth, larynx, tongue and skin. Obviously these cancers are due to the direct smoke contact when inhaling a cigarette. A smoker with these types of cancer can expect to end up needing a stoma, which provides an opening into the throat directly. It often needs to be suctioned out in order to stay open. And, a voice box could be a possibility as well.

Other cancers that can be caused from smoking include kidney, bladder, cervix and breast. Recent evidence from research show that smokers are more prone to these cancers as well. In the case of kidney and bladder cancer it is really quite understandable actually. As the smoke enters the body, it goes into the lungs (which accounts for the high rates of lung cancer). The lungs filter the smoke into the bloodstream, which then is put into the kidneys. The kidneys produce urine, and the urine containing the remaining toxins that have been filtered out collects in the bladder. While in the bladder, the cells lining the bladder will be damaged.

COPD is also a very common concern. This stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - and it ranges from a very mild case of bronchitis (often how it starts), to more severe cases. Emphysema is almost a certainty in long term smokers, and if you have never had to watch someone suffer with this disease then you are very fortunate. The air sacs in the lungs collapse and there is nowhere for the oxygen to exchange. This ends up in the person basically smothering - over a long time period.

There are so many other possible long term effects of smoking - including permanent nasal congestion, coughing, vision problems, gum disease - even amputation of limbs due to the inability of the body to provide oxygen to certain parts of the body. The truth of the matter is that there are so many negative physical effects to smoking that if you are even just thinking about quitting - you need to make a commitment and stop now before it is too late.

Article source: http://ezinearticles.com/?Long-Term-Effects-Of-Smoking-You-May-Not-Have-Been-Aware-Of&id=962163

Tuesday, February 12, 2008

Some Indisputable Reasons To Stop Smoking Now

If you haven't had the real impulse and motivation to stop smoking yet even though you may have heard how bad smoking can be to your health, you may need some more sound reasons to try and quit this bad habit. Let's consider them, here they are:

Brain Damage

Yes, no matter how frightful it sounds, it's really so. As a matter of fact a part of the senior population that smokes tobacco can experience a swift decline in their mental powers than does those who don't smoke. People with the effects of Alzheimer's disease as well that smoke cigarettes will notice the faster decline of their mental abilities than those people with Alzheimer's that are not addicted to this habit. When you smoke, you are clogging your arterial blood vessels. In this case you are at increased risk of stroke and this can speed up mental decline. To put it straight, those who are habitual tobacco smokers risk damage to the brain and can speed up the onset of a variety of diseases.

Smoking and Erectile Disfunction in Men

You would never believe that the consequences of smoking would get you in the bedroom, but many investigations show that it can and often does. Many men that suffer from erectile disfunction are puzzled about the real reason. But it it may rest in the pack of cigarettes that you smoke. It is statistically proven that those men who smoke a pack of cigarettes a day or more have more than a fifteen percent chance of having trouble getting an erection than those men who didn't smoke cigarettes.

Smoking and Immune System

Anyone who smokes cigarettes is at a higher risk for developing lupus and other conditions that affect the autoimmune system. Conditions of the autoimmune system include damage to your tissue, pain as well as inflammation. If you stop smoking today, you can bring down this risk considerably.

Smoking and a Developing Baby

Though many moms waiting for a child are aware of the risks that may tell on their baby they still light up a cig. But don't you know that moms who smoke during their pregnancy almost double the risk of their children being a victim of sudden infant death syndrom. Though many cases of sudden infant death syndrom can be traced to bed sharing habits, many investigations showed it was a particular danger for the child if the mother smoked throughout her pregnancy.

Smoking, Snoring and Sleeping Disorders

Bear in mind, if you smoke you are probably having a hard time at night breathing, because smoking impacts on every aspect of your respiratory system. Often smokers are violent snorers. What's more, they can also experience episodes of sleep apnea. It happens when you stops breathing for a short period of time while at sleep. This results in tiredness, depression, lack of attention, fatigue the next day. Severe smoking leads to insomnia in many cases.

And you can get rid of these problems and more and never come back to them if you just stop smoking. Today is as good a day to begin a new life! So what are you waiting for?

My Counter-smoker's blog

Greetings, everybody! Whether you are a smoker or not I welcome you here. For the first time I'd like to say a few words about myself and my blog that you are reading now.

Well, my name is Sam Mitchel. I'm a confirmed follower of the natural way of living and an ardent abstainer and counter-smoker. That's why this weblog is called Counter-Smoker. Here I'm going to collect and post the most useful, original, and, probably, the most effective articles about fighting tobacco smoking. I hope not only smokers will benefit from my articles. I'm positively sure that people who don't smoke will never try it and those who were smokers once and quitted this bad habit will never get back to it again after reading my Counter-smoker's articles.

Anyways, I hope to see you soon here again. Any kind of feedback is more that welcome.

Sincerely yours,
Sam